目 录
1、印度将在印度河上游修建大坝，限制河水流入巴基斯坦
2、额尔齐斯河流域阿勒泰富蕴大桥站
3、对新老挝大坝的担忧加剧
4、科学家建议将“绿色涡轮机”作为湄公河三角洲的能源解决方案
5、泰国，匈牙利在河水管理方面进行合作
1、印度将在印度河上游修建大坝，限制河水流入巴基斯坦
网易新闻 2019年2月24日电：印度要在印度河上游修建水坝限制河水流入巴基斯坦，一方面威胁其他国家不准修建水坝拦截流入印度的河水否则就要炸毁他们的水坝，另一方面自己却要修建水坝控制从印度流入他国的河水意图以此迫使这些国家向自己屈服。
我们知道印度本是一个地理名词可是英国的殖民统治却将其糅合成一个国家，而印度摆脱英国殖民统治获得独立后却继承了其前殖民主子称霸世界的野心和霸权主义行径。印度一直都想要成为一个有声有色的世界大国甚至是成为世界霸主，对于周边国家也是颐指气使不断的蚕食他们的领土和主权俨然如历史上的英国殖民者。
现在锡金已经被它吞并了周边的邻国也大多吃了它的亏，比如这次它想要以建大坝控制其水源的巴基斯坦就曾经被印度肢解成巴基斯坦和孟加拉国两个国家。所以说印度对周边的国家那蛮横霸道惯了，因此在修水坝问题上印度也是秉持了“只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯”的霸道作风。
但是印度的霸权主义行径也导致了它和周边国家的关系普遍不和睦。一些小国碍于印度的威胁那是敢怒不敢言，但是也在不断的找机会寻求其他大国帮助其抵御印度的渗透。而巴基斯坦等大国则不断的和印度发生矛盾甚至是爆发军事冲突，这些都让印度自己感到不安因此拼命的采购军备来壮大自己的军事实力。
尽管印度号称现在可以同时打赢2.5线战争看起来威武霸气，但是印度为了发展军备经常当冤大头花高价买武器已经让其背上了沉重的经济负担，事实上如果印度懂得和邻国和睦相处的话就可以节省军费让经济更快发展了，而其想要修建从伊朗经巴基斯坦到本国的油气管道也不是不可能。总之印度如果和邻国和睦相处的话绝对是好处多多，而绝不是像现在这样整天提心吊胆穷兵黩武，不断的威胁这威胁那的自己却丝毫不顾及邻国利益，到了真的和人打起来却依旧有可能被揍的鼻青脸肿，所以说印度要控制和威胁截断巴基斯坦水源的做法非常不可取，还是想想该怎么和邻国改善关系吧。
2、额尔齐斯河流域阿勒泰富蕴大桥站
中国环境网2019年1月24日报道：额尔齐斯河流域阿勒泰富蕴大桥站位于额尔齐斯河干流富蕴县城一级水电站下游200米处，占地面积300平方米，站址海拔高程774米。水站于2018年6月开工建设，同年10月11日竣工交付使用，建设工期历时120天。
阿尔泰山自古就有“金山”“银水”之美誉，她孕育了一条生命之河。千百万年来，万壑银水从层峦叠嶂的雪峰之巅争流而下，汇集成了浩浩荡荡的额尔齐斯河。额尔齐斯河沿岸风光壮美，在富蕴这片美丽富饶的土地上，展示了金山银水画卷中最绚烂的风姿。
额尔齐斯河发源于富蕴县境内阿尔泰山南麓的加勒格孜嘎峰，是我国唯一流入北冰洋水系的外流河，全长4248公里，在中国境内546公里，流域面积5.7万平方公里，年径流量约111亿立方米，为新疆第二大河流。
为贯彻落实国家生态环境部《生态环境监测网络建设方案》，加快推进国家地表水环境质量监测网水质自动站建设，富蕴县投入财政资金100余万元，建成富蕴大桥断面国家地表水水质监测站。
该站位于额尔齐斯河干流富蕴县城一级水电站下游200米处，占地面积300平方米，站址海拔高程774米。水站于2018年6月开工建设，同年10月11日竣工交付使用，建设工期历时120天。
为加快地表水水质监测站建设步伐，富蕴县委政府高度重视，精心谋划，克服山区无霜期短、建设难度大、施工条件差、冬季漫长等诸多困难，抢抓建设工期，严把工程质量，确保高质量如期完成水站建设。
建成后的富蕴大桥站由国家统一运维管理，监测数据与地方实时共享。水站具备监测水温、溶解氧、pH、浊度、电导率、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷9项监测指标，可实现对控制断面水质指标的实时自动监测。及时监测断面水质状况，掌握水质变化规律，为区域水污染防治工作提供决策支撑。
为落实污染防治设施向公众开放，普及环保科普知识，激发公众参与环境保护积极性，富蕴县环境保护局以水质自动监测站为依托，不断传播水站文化和生态环境科普宣知识。除了具备扫描二维码获取水站详细信息外，该县还利用水站现有条件，积极打造“青少年环境教育基地”“水环境质量科普小课堂”等中小学生课外活动基地，旨在培养和引导广大中小学生，从小树立“保护生态环境就是保护生产力、绿水青山就是金山银山、冰天雪地也是金山银山”的生态环境保护观念，努力践行行天蓝地绿水清的“绿色中国梦”。
按照国家地表水水质监测站建站要求，富蕴县努力打造设备一流，环境优美的绿色水站、最美水站。
新落成的富蕴大桥水站，坐落在雄伟的阿尔泰山脚下，在清澈明镜般的额尔齐斯河水映衬下，宛如一颗璀璨的海蓝宝石，镶嵌在潺潺流水的额尔齐斯河畔。微风吹来，荡起美丽的涟漪，唤起人们对大自然的美好遐想。水站寄托着富蕴人民对优美环境、生态宜居、美好生活的无限向往。
3、对新老挝大坝的担忧加剧
Khouth Sophak Chakrya 2019年2月25日报道: A new hydropower dam project on the mainstream Mekong River in Laos has been proposed to the Mekong River Commission Secretariat (MRCS), despite concerns over transboundary environmental impacts from the dam.
Residents along the Mekong River and local NGOs are increasingly concerned about migrant fish swim ways in transboundary waters after learning of the Lao government’s plan to begin construction of the Pak Lay hydropower dam in 2022.
Ngach Samin, the president of the Cambodia Indigenous Youth Association based in Stung Treng province, said the Xe Pian Xe Namnoy hydropower dam, which collapsed last September killing scores of people and displacing thousands, should make the Lao authorities consider stopping the dam’s construction.
“A hydropower dam across the Mekong River will cause many problems for downstream waterways. It will flood the homes of villagers near the project site, and the swim ways of migrating fish will be blocked.
“The collapse of the Xe Pian Xe Namnoy hydropower dam remains in our memories. It was a terrible situation for Laotian and Cambodian people,” he said.
After the dam collapsed, local NGOs in Cambodia requested the Mekong River Commission (MRC) to stop discussing the Pak Lay project and pushed the Lao government to further explain the Xe Pian Xe Namnoy dam collapse. Their request was rejected.
On Friday, the MRC’s Procedures for Notification, Prior Consultation and Agreement Joint Committee Working Group (PNPCA JCWG) released a summary of recommendations and suggestions of proposed impact mitigation and risk management measures.
The PNPCA JCWG made a final draft technical review report (TRR) of the Pak Lay hydropower project and plan to submit it to the Special Session of the Joint Committee in Vientiane in late March or early April.
“The Session will mark the end of the six-month prior consultation process, at which time the JC is expected to issue a statement which will pave the way for the development of a joint action plan on the proposed 770MW Pak Lay hydropower project,” read a statement.
“All these recommendations contribute to the commitment to make every effort to avoid, minimize and mitigate possible harmful effects as reflected in the 1995 Mekong Agreement and with careful consideration of feedback from stakeholders,” CEO An Pich Hatda told the PNPCA JCWG meeting.
“They are also intended to further build on the existing cooperation and confidence among the member countries,” he added.
The Lao government on June 13, last year, notified the MRC Secretariat of its intention to undertake the formal process of prior consultation on the Pak Lay project, the fourth Mekong mainstream dam to be submitted to the prior consultation.
The project is a “run-of-the-river” dam – whereby little or no water storage is provided – located in Xayaburi province’s Pak Lay district in north-western Laos, downstream of the under-construction Xayaburi hydropower station and 241km upstream of Vientiane.
The dam will operate continuously year-round with an annual average generating capacity of 4,124GWh, intended mainly for power generation for domestic supply.
The project’s total investment cost is estimated at $2,134 million with the construction expected to start in 2022 and the commercial operation to begin when the construction finishes in 2029.
Power China Resources Ltd and China National Electronics Import-Export Corporation are named as the developers, according to the official Lao notification documents.
Fisheries Action Coalition Team program manager Om Savath said the Lao government and the developers always say they are acting responsibly in order to gain support from the governments of MRC member countries.
4、科学家建议将“绿色涡轮机”作为湄公河三角洲的能源解决方案
越南内幕网2019年2月23日报道 : A national energy center will open in the Mekong Delta as more and more power plants are being built there.
It is expected that power plants in Mekong Delta will have total electricity capacity of 18,224 MW, or 7.6 times bigger than Son La hydropower plant, the biggest in Southeast Asia (2,400 MW).
These include O Mon 1, with the capacity of 660 MW and output of 3.6 billion kwh per annum, which consumes 1 billion cubic meters of gas, O Mon 2 (720 MW), O Mon 3 (700 MW) and O Mon 4 (720 MW). The Ca Mau gas-fired thermopower plants 1 & 2 have capacity of 1,500 MW.
The Duyen Hai Power Center alone has total capacity of 4,308 MW and investment capital of $5 billion, with three operational plants, namely Duyen Hai 1 (1,245 MW), Duyen Hai 3 (1,245 MW) and expanded Duyen Hai 3 (688 MW). Other projects are under implementation, namely Song Hau (1,200 MW), and the Long Phu, and So-called Trang thermopower center (4,400 MW).
Under the latest national power development plan, there will be 14 coal-fired thermopower plants in Mekong Delta, of which three are in operation. Some coal-fired thermopower projects were added to the plan recently, raising controversy.
Tan Phuoc 1 & 2 in Tien Giang province and Long An, designed to be located near HCMC, are feared to have negative impact on the environment and people’s lives.
Coal-fired power plants
Three big problems are anticipated if developing coal-fired power plants in Mekong Delta, including water pollution, air pollution and negative impact from fly ash & slag.
Scientists say coal-fired plants consume a huge volume of water. The 14 power plants in Mekong Delta would need about 70 million cubic meters of water a day. Meanwhile, hot water from plants would destroy under-water ecosystems, harming the local fishery and aquaculture.
It is estimated that all the plants would consume 64 million tons of coal each year and discharge 16 million tons of ash & slag. How to deal with the big volume of ash & slag remains an unsolved problem.
Green turbine
Dr Tran Huu Hiep, in his article on Tai Chinh Viet Nam, pointed out that green turbines are the best solution to the electricity generation and environmental protection in Mekong Delta.
He emphasized that shifting from using brown to green power is a growing trend all over the world. Vietnam has great potential to develop renewable energy. The production cost of wind power has decreased by 23 percent over the last seven years and will become very competitive by 2020.
5.泰国，匈牙利在河水管理方面进行合作
VNA 2019年2月23日报道: Thailand and Hungary have established a cooperation to adopt the Danube River’s water management strategy with the Mekong River.
Thai Deputy Prime Minister Chatchai Sarikulya revealed he has visited Hungary and discussed the water management cooperation with the Hungarian government. The two sides agreed to develop five joint projects, including international river management on Danube and Mekong river basins, the management of sediments in rivers, flooding, drought, and wastewater management; groundwater capacity building, and irrigational development.
Thailand’s Office of National Water Resources (ONWR) will liaise with Hungarian authorities to prepare a Memorandum of Understanding between the two countries.
The cooperation between Thailand and Hungary corresponds to the national water management master plan on the restoration and conservation of water resources, and the management of international water basins.
Hungary is considered one of the most well-known eastern European countries for water conservation, renewable energy from waste water, water engineering, and international river management. Both countries have also discussed investment opportunities, the deputy premier said.
ONWR Secretary General Somkiat Prajamwong said Thailand may adopt operations from Hungary in the international river management, adding that Thailand is invited to participate in a Budapest Water Summit on October 15-17, which is a high-level meeting on water crisis prevention where advanced water management technology will be exhibited.
